Giacomo Puccini · 1858–1924 · Italian
| Composed | 1918 |
| Instrumentation | 3[1.2.pic] 3[1.2.eh] 3[1.2.bcl] 2 — 4 3 4 — tmp+2 — hp cel — str |
| Duration | 55 minutes |
| Soloists | Opera cast |
| Chorus | Yes |
| Tier | Discovery — worth programming, rarely heard |
| Editions & hire | Casa Ricordi ↗ |
| Source | IMSLP — instrumentation ↗ |
Read in standard international shorthand: flutes · oboes · clarinets · bassoons — horns · trumpets · trombones · tuba — timpani · percussion — harp · keyboard. Section counts include doubling players. Always confirm against the publisher's official parts list before contracting musicians or renting materials.